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industrial folk music
Industrial folk music, industrial folk song, industrial work song or working song is a subgenre of folk or traditional music that developed from the 18th century, particularly in Britain and North America, with songs dealing with the lives and experiences of industrial workers. The origins of industrial folk song are in the British industrial revolution of the eighteenth century as workers tended to take the forms of music with which they were familiar, including ballads and agricultural work songs, and adapt them to their new experiences and circumstances. They would also be seen in France and the US began to industrialise.
The genre declined in the twentieth century, but were popularised as part of the folk revival in the twentieth century, by A. L. Lloyd, George Korson, John Lomax, Pete Seeger, Alan Lomax and Archie Green. Because of their political content they have been adapted by rock musicians.
==Origins==
Industrial folk song emerged in Britain, the first nation to industrialise, in the 18th century, as workers and their families moved from a predominately rural and agricultural society to an increasingly urban and industrial one. These workers tended to take the forms of music with which they were familiar, including ballads and agricultural work songs, and adapt them to their new experiences and circumstances.〔A. L. Lloyd, ''Folk song in England'' (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1967), pp. 323-28.〕 Unlike agricultural work songs, it was often unnecessary to use music to synchronise actions between workers, as the pace would be increasingly determined by water, steam, chemical and eventually electric power, and frequently impossible because of the noise of early industry.〔J. Shepherd, ''Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music, vol. 1: Media, Industry and Society'' (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003), p. 251.〕 As a result, industrial folk songs tended to be descriptive of work, circumstances, or political in nature, making them amongst the earliest protest songs and were sung between work shifts or in leisure hours, rather than during work. This pattern can be seen in the first industry to fully develop, textile production, which was particularly important in Lancashire, with songs like 'Poverty knock' which described the relentless movement and noise of the loom.〔 The same trends were soon evident in mining and eventually steel, shipbuilding, rail working and other industries. As other nations industrialised their folk song underwent a similar process of change, as can be seen for example in France, where Saint-Simon noted the rise of 'Chansons Industrielles' among clothworkers in the early 19th century, and in the USA where industrialisation expanded rapidly after the Civil War.〔E. J. Weber, ''Peasants into Frenchmen: the modernization of rural France, 1870-1914'' (Stanford University Press, 1976), pp. 431-5 and Simon J. Bronner, ''Folk nation: folklore in the creation of American tradition'' (Rowman & Littlefield, 2002), p. 142.〕
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